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What
is a Better Camera? |
- One that gives clearer
images, in a shorter time, is convenient and easy
to use, and is reliable.
- One that can withstand
rigorous use yet maintain precise operation.
- One that lasts longer, is
upgradeable, does not become obsolete.
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- One that is based on sound
scientific principles which are discussed
and open to peer review
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What is a Better
Price?
- A price that is less than any other new camera
system.
- A price that is often less than premium
refurbished units.
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IS2 Cameras
- Cohesive technology
- Inexpensive
- Innovative (Patents confirm this)
- Cohesive technology
- All digital (One A/D per tube)
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- Modular and field upgradeable to fixed 90º and
180º dual head
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- Low maintenance and service costs
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(No floor leveling,<10amp max, 3amp
idle, standard
120v outlet, minimal air conditioning required) |
- Designed for high patient throughput
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Practical Gantry
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(Including pinhole, whole body, gated SPECT) |
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Linear-Trac™
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Wrong!
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| Patented method of that keeps the detector head
vertical and prevents unwanted horizontal movement. |
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Right!
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Allows:
- Profiling
- Non circular SPECT
- Faster and more
repeatable patient positioning
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CoG-Correct ™
Patented Center-of-Gravity Correct mechanism for
the detector head which keeps the detector head
balanced even with collimators of different weights. |
- Optimized collimators for all studies
- Gives better resolution and sensitivity
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Images Like These….
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| Require optimized collimators
Which require CoG-Correct with
a counterbalanced detector |
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Science. Why the Images are Better
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| Based on the experience of developing the world’s first all digital
camera, and based on first principles, IS2 has developed an all new and
more advanced gamma camera. IS2 cameras produce the highest resolution
of any camera available. Care has been taken in applying the most
critical standards of voltage control to the photomultiplier tubes. This
results in the best and most stable collection of light from the
crystal. IS2 has done extensive research in determining the ideal method
of controlling the digitization process. |
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IS2 Digital Detectors Lead the
Way with Important Advances
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| IS2 cameras have better spatial and energy resolution - the ultimate
measure of camera image quality. Signal processing methods, PM tube size
and shape, and various detector techniques all affect spatial and energy
resolution. However, the effect of changes to these factors, in
isolation or in combination should result in improved spatial and energy
resolution. It is undeniable that spatial and energy resolution are the
ultimate measure of detector performance. IS2 has unique technology that
enables the signal to be captured from the PM tube without the need to
apply a threshold. Others use thresholds to cut off the signal below a
certain level to avoid the introduction of noise to the system.
Inevitably this also cuts off good signal. In addition, thresholds are
different for each isotope and, therefore, multi-isotope studies are
more difficult and energy-independent uniformity and other parameters
are impractical. |
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“It is this care and attention to detail, coupled with a profound
understanding of the gamma
camera in all its aspects, that provide the clinical advantages unique
to IS2”. |
IS2 Digital Detectors... More Advances
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| IS2 ensures that the photomultiplier tube signals are perfectly
captured. A preamplifier at the PM tube, a matched cable inches long,
and an amplifier on the channel card ensure that the signal is
accurately transferred. The A /D is driven by an amplifier to ensure
that the signal is not affected by the digitization process. |
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| The gain of the PM tubes is adjusted by varying the gain of an
amplifier. Conventional systems may vary the gain by changing the high
voltage in various ways, which is more convenient, but this degrades
performance. In the IS2 detector, the high voltage to each section of
each PM tube (dynode) is controlled precisely by transistors and does
not rely on capacitors to hold a charge. If capacitors are relied on to
hold a charge, the high voltage to each photomultiplier tube will change
with varying count rates. The detector is truly digital and that
includes gain adjustment, which is through the Central Processing Unit
(CPU). This CPU operates under Windows NT with its vast range of
standard software. Reliability and error correction are thoroughly
addressed and IS2 has developed self synchronizing, self checking data
transfer to ensure the integrity of the images. |
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“If the science is right, the
product is right”™ |
IS2 Digital Detectors... Correct Corrections
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| Correcting for the systematic errors introduced by the electro-optics
of the crystal and PM tubes has been a challenge for engineers and
physicists for the last 20 years. Solutions have been developed, but
they may be based on older, incorrect methods or assumptions. |
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| There are several examples of this in current cameras. The way that
cameras are “peaked” and the energy correction applied are based on
older, less accurate methods. IS2 is unique in “peaking” the camera
using multi-peak isotopes, ensuring that the camera is accurately on
peak at all energies. This method is so stable that, during the first
year of installation of IS2’s first camera, the maximum peak drift was
0.9 KeV at 140 Kev. The average for the year was 0.35KeV. Furthermore,
the IS2 energy correction methodology requires only one spatially
dependent energy correction making it energy independent. Finally,
energy stability is so good that a uniformity correction matrix acquired
using Co-57 is valid for Tc-99 as well. This energy correction
methodology is exclusive to IS2. |
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Correct corrections give the best images with
confidence |
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